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IBEROPT (original)

Status: Stable | Version: v1.0.0 (2026-08-28)

General description

  • Description: Forest growth model of Pinus pinaster in the Southern Iberian Mountain Range (Spain)
  • Target Species: Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinaster mesogeensis (code: 26)
  • Application Region: Southern Iberian Mountain Range (Cuenca, Guadalajara, Teruel, and Soria; Spain)

Technical characteristics

  • Model Level: Individual tree
  • Allows Projection: Yes
  • Projection Time Step: 5 years
  • Notes: This forest growth model preserves the original growth equations, while a calibrated version should work better for SNFI datasets.

To view the step-by-step sequence of initialization, projection, and harvest, see the individual-tree model calculation flow diagram.

Required variables

To run this model in SIMANFOR, the initial inventory must include the following minimum data:

Plot level (Plots sheet)

  • Inventory and plot IDs
  • age
  • dominant height
  • basal area

Tree level (Trees sheet)

  • Inventory, plot and tree IDs
  • species
  • expansion factor
  • dbh

Sample inventories

You can download the following sample inventories in Excel format to test this model:

Modules and equations

Breakdown of simulated biological processes and their methodological references:

  • Site index / Stand productivity: Bravo-Oviedo et al. (2004)
  • Growth: Lizarralde (2008)
  • Survival and/or mortality: Bravo-Oviedo et al. (2006)
  • Ingrowth (trees of inventoriable size): Bravo et al. (2008)
  • Stand Density Index (SDI) reference value: del R铆o et al. (2006)
  • Height-diameter relationship / height estimation: Lizarralde (2008), V谩zquez-Veloso et al. (2025)
  • Crown dimensions: Lizarralde (2008)
  • Tree volume and taper: Rodr铆guez et al. (2015), Rodr铆guez (2009), MITECO (2025)
  • Biomass: Ruiz-Peinado et al. (2011)
  • Carbon content: Montero et al. (2005)
  • Non-wood forest products: Herrero et al. (2019)
  • Diversity indexes: Omoro et al. (2010), Simpson (1949), Ulanowicz (2001), Bray & Curtis (1957)
  • Structural and size indexes: Varga et al. (2005), Moreno-Fern谩ndez & others (2025), Barbeito (2009)

References and documentation

  • How to Cite this Model:

SIMANFOR, 2026. Forest growth model of Pinus pinaster in the Southern Iberian Mountain Range (Spain) (v1.0.0). https://www.simanfor.es

  • SIMANFOR Citation:

Bravo, F., Ord贸帽ez, C., V谩zquez-Veloso, A., Michalakopoulos, S., 2025. SIMANFOR cloud Decision Support System: Structure, content, and applications. Ecological Modelling 499, 110912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110912

  • Technical Documentation: SIMANFOR Models Repository (GitHub)

  • Model Bibliography:

  • Barbeito, I. (2009). Natural regeneration dynamics of Pinus sylvestris L. in Central Spain.
  • Bravo-Oviedo, A., Bravo, F., del R铆o, M., Sterba, H. (2006). Competition-induced mortality for Mediterranean Pinus pinaster Ait. and P. sylvestris L.. Forest Ecology and Management, 222, 88-98. 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.016
  • Bravo-Oviedo, Andr茅s, R铆o, Miren Del, Montero, Gregorio (2004). Site index curves and growth model for Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 201(2-3), 187-197. 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.031
  • Bravo, F., Pando, V., Ord贸帽ez, C., Lizarralde, I. (2008). Modelling ingrowth in Mediterranean pine forests: a case study from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Mediterranean Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in Spain. Forest Systems, 17(3), 250-260. 10.5424/srf/2008173-01039
  • Bray, J. R., Curtis, J. T. (1957). An Ordination of the Upland Forest Communities of Southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs.
  • Herrero, Celia, Berraondo, Iosu, Bravo, Felipe, Pando, Valent铆n, Ord贸帽ez, Crist贸bal, Olaizola, Jaime, Mart铆n-Pinto, Pablo, Oria De Rueda, Juan Andr茅s (2019). Predicting Mushroom Productivity from Long-Term Field-Data Series in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster Ait. Forests in the Context of Climate Change. Forests, 10(3), 206. 10.3390/f10030206
  • Lizarralde, I (2008). Din谩mica de rodales y competencia en las masas de pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestrs L.) y pino negral (Pinus pinaster Ait.) de los Sistemas Central e Ib茅rico Meridional. Universidad de Valladolid,
  • MITECO (2025). CUARTO INVENTARIO FORESTAL NACIONAL. Descripci贸n de los c贸digos de la base de datos Sig. https://www.miteco.gob.es/content/dam/miteco/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/documentador_sig_tcm30-536622.pdf
  • Montero, G, Ruiz-Peinado, R, Mu帽oz (2005). Producci贸n de biomasa y fijaci贸n de CO2 por los bosques espa帽oles.. Monograf铆as INIA: Serie Forestal no, 13. https://gregoriomontero.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/2005-01-monografc3ada-forestal-13-m-produccic3b3n-de-biomasa-y-fijacic3b3n-de-co2-por-los-bosques-espac3b1oles.pdf
  • Moreno-Fern谩ndez, D., others (2025). Structural diversity indices in managed forests.
  • Omoro, L. M. A., Starr, M., Pellikka, P. K. E. (2010). Tree biomass and soil carbon stocks in Taita Hills, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology.
  • del R铆o, M, L贸pez, E, Montero, G (2006). Manual de gesti贸n para masas procedentes de repoblaci贸n de Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus sylvestris L. y Pinus nigra Arn. en Castilla y Le贸n.. Junta de Castilla y Le贸n. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265520003_Manual_de_gestion_para_masas_procedentes_de_repoblacion_de_Pinus_pinaster_Ait_Pinus_sylvestris_L_y_Pinus_nigra_Arn_en_Castilla_y_Leon
  • Rodr铆guez, F. (2009). Cuantificaci贸n de productos forestales en la planificaci贸n forestal: An谩lisis de casos con cubiFOR. https://secforestales.org/publicaciones/index.php/congresos_forestales/article/view/17189/17024
  • Rodr铆guez, Francisco, Lizarralde, I帽igo, Bravo, Felipe (2015). Comparison of stem taper equations for eight major tree species in the Spanish Plateau. Forest Systems, 24(3), e034. 10.5424/fs/2015243-06229
  • Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Del Rio, Miren, Montero, Gregorio (2011). New models for estimating the carbon sink capacity of Spanish softwood species. Forest Systems, 20(1), 176-188. 10.5424/fs/2011201-11643
  • Simpson, E. H. (1949). Measurement of Diversity. Nature, 163, 688.
  • Ulanowicz, R. E. (2001). Information theory in ecology. Computers & Chemistry.
  • Varga, P., Chen, H. Y., Klinka, K. (2005). Tree-size diversity in progression of stand development in Douglas-fir forests. Forest Ecology and Management.
  • V谩zquez-Veloso, Aitor, Yang, Sheng-I, Bullock, Bronson P., Bravo, Felipe (2025). One model to rule them all: A nationwide height鈥揹iameter model for 91 Spanish forest species. Forest Ecology and Management, 595, 122981. 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122981