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Mixed stands of Spain

Status: Stable | Version: v1.0.0 (2026-08-28)

General description

  • Description: Distance-independent individual-tree growth model for mixed stands in Spain
  • Target Species: Pinus sylvestris, Pinus uncinata, Pinus pinea, Pinus halepensis, Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus faginea, Quercus ilex, Quercus suber, Fagus sylvatica (codes: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 71)
  • Application Region: Spain

Technical characteristics

  • Model Level: Individual tree
  • Allows Projection: Yes
  • Projection Time Step: 5 years
  • Notes: It is always necessary to consider mixed stands of 2 species (see documentation)

To view the step-by-step sequence of initialization, projection, and harvest, see the individual-tree model calculation flow diagram.

Required variables

To run this model in SIMANFOR, the initial inventory must include the following minimum data:

Plot level (Plots sheet)

  • Inventory and plot IDs
  • species 1 and 2 codes
  • dominant height
  • Martonne index

Tree level (Trees sheet)

  • Inventory, plot and tree IDs
  • species
  • expansion factor
  • dbh

Sample inventories

You can download the following sample inventories in Excel format to test this model:

Modules and equations

Breakdown of simulated biological processes and their methodological references:

  • Reference forest growth model: Rodríguez de Prado (2022)
  • Growth: Rodríguez De Prado et al. (2022)
  • Survival and/or mortality: Rodríguez De Prado et al. (2020)
  • Stand Density Index (SDI) reference value: Rodríguez De Prado et al. (2020)
  • Height-diameter relationship / height estimation: Vázquez-Veloso et al. (2025), Rodríguez De Prado et al. (2022)
  • Tree volume and taper: Badía et al. (2001), Calama & Montero (2006), Fernández-Manso & Sarmiento (2004), Rodríguez et al. (2015), López-Sánchez (2009), Manrique-González et al. (2017), Rodríguez (2009), MITECO (), MITECO (2025)
  • Biomass: Diéguez-Aranda et al. (2009), Manrique González et al. (2017), Montero et al. (2005), Ruiz-Peinado et al. (2011), Ruiz-Peinado et al. (2012)
  • Carbon content: Castaño-Santamaría & Bravo (2012), Diéguez-Aranda et al. (2009), Herrero de Aza et al. (2011), Montero et al. (2005), Telmo et al. (2010)
  • Diversity indexes: Omoro et al. (2010), Simpson (1949), Ulanowicz (2001), Bray & Curtis (1957)
  • Structural and size indexes: Varga et al. (2005), Moreno-Fernández & others (2025), Barbeito (2009)

References and documentation

  • How to Cite this Model:

SIMANFOR, 2026. Distance-independent individual-tree growth model for mixed stands in Spain (v1.0.0). https://www.simanfor.es

  • SIMANFOR Citation:

Bravo, F., Ordóñez, C., Vázquez-Veloso, A., Michalakopoulos, S., 2025. SIMANFOR cloud Decision Support System: Structure, content, and applications. Ecological Modelling 499, 110912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110912